Iudaea, also known as Judaea, was a province of the Roman Empire which existed from 6 to 135 AD, consisting of Judea, Samaria, and Edom. Following the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC, his kingdom was divided among four tetrarchs, and Herod Archelaus' lands were annexed by Rome to become Iudaea. Between 41 and 44 AD, Rome restored autonomy to the region, with Emperor Claudius withdrawing its prefect and appointing Herod Agrippa as king. Following Agrippa's death in 44 AD, Iudaea returned to Roman rule, and Iudaea's rebelliousness from 70 to 135 AD led to a governing legate being appointed. From 66 to 70, the Romans fought against Jewish rebels in the First Roman-Jewish War, and, from 132 to 135, Bar Kokhba's revolt took place. The first revolt led to the Roman destruction of the Second Temple, while the second led to Emperor Hadrian changing the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina.
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