Pergamon was a Greek city-state in Aeolis which existed from the late 8th century BC to 133 BC. In 362 BC, Pergamon launched a failed revolt against the Persian Empire, but it was later conquered by the Macedonian king Alexander the Great. In 301 BC, 22 years after Alexander's death, the Thracian king Lysimachus took possession of Pergamon, but Lysimachus' kingdom collapsed in 281 BC, and the Attalid dynasty rose to power. The Attalids ruled a rump state of Lysimachus' former empire, and the Attalids went on to expand the city into a kingdom. The Pergamenes allied with the Roman Republic during the First Macedonian War of 214-205 BC, and they assisted Rome in subsequent wars. In 133 BC, King Attalus III died without issue and bequeathed the kingdom to Rome, turning it into their province of "Asia". Today, Pergamon is known as Bergama.
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